Food waste, commonly known as swill, is the domestic waste formed by residents in the process of life and consumption, which is highly perishable, gives off odor, and spreads bacteria and viruses. The main components of food waste include rice, flour, food residues, vegetables, animal and vegetable oils, meat and bone, etc. In terms of chemical composition, there are starch, cellulose, protein, lipids and inorganic salts. Food waste is the main type of food waste, including food processing waste (kitchen waste) and food residue (swill) generated by families, schools, canteens and catering industry. Its composition is complex, mainly composed of oil, water, peel, vegetables, rice noodles, fish, meat, bones, waste tableware, plastic, paper towels and other substances. The amount of food and kitchen waste in China is very large and rising rapidly.

Food waste has major hazards, and its characteristics can be summarized as follows:

1. High water content, up to 80% - 95%.

2. High salt content, high pepper and acetic acid content in some areas.

3. High content of organic matter, protein, cellulose, starch, fat, etc.

4. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements.

5. There are pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms.

6. It is easy to rot, deteriorate, smell, and breed mosquitoes.

According to different sources, food waste is mainly divided into food waste and kitchen waste. The former refers to leftovers from restaurants, canteens and other catering industries, which are characterized by large quantity, multiple sources and wide distribution. The latter mainly refers to the leftovers and a small amount of leftovers cooked daily by residents.

Food waste treatment Handling method:

1. Waste classification (physical sorting)

2. Direct comminution method

The specific principle is to use a high-speed blade to smash the food waste in the can, and then flush the mixture into the sewer. At the same time, Japan has also developed kitchen waste disposal machines for a long time, some of which are even equipped with ozone deodorizers to remove various odors generated by kitchen waste.

3. Landfill method

The landfill treatment of food waste is an anaerobic digestion method, which can decompose organics into CH4 and completely dispose of the waste. However, landfills also occupy a large amount of land. Food waste treatment equipment The manufacturer reminds that if we do not cherish the land, the warning line of 1.8 billion mu of land may not be far away.

4. Anaerobic fermentation

Anaerobic fermentation of food waste refers to the decomposition of organic macromolecules of food waste into methane, carbon dioxide and water under the action of facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in an anoxic or anaerobic environment. During anaerobic fermentation, biogas can be collected as clean energy, which can reduce energy crisis to a certain extent and realize the reduction and recycling of food waste. The anaerobic fermentation of food waste is highly automated, and the generated biogas can be used for power generation, central heating, etc., but the equipment and technology required for anaerobic fermentation treatment are relatively complex, and the project investment is large. The biogas residue left by anaerobic fermentation is also difficult to clean and treat.

5. Composting method

Microbial treatment technology thermophilic aerobic composting refers to the decomposition of organic macromolecules into soluble organic substances by extracellular enzymes secreted by aerobic bacteria, which are absorbed by aerobic bacteria in a high-temperature aerobic environment. High temperature aerobic composting uses high temperature compound microorganisms to degrade food waste. The humic acid fertilizer produced is expensive and generally used for high-end fruit planting. Microbial fermentation has a good effect on reducing and recycling food waste.

6. Biotransformation technology

The biotransformation of food waste is a process simulating the natural material cycle. Through biotransformation such as microorganism and insect, the essence of protein can be maintained, the "homologous pollution effect" of feed treatment can be avoided, and potential safety hazards can be eliminated. The biotransformation of food waste is usually carried out by insects such as water flies and houseflies. After insect larvae are dried, insect protein and insect oil can be extracted.

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